A number of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [P. glaucum]) interchange stocks were developed and studied in order to identify translocated chromosomes. Finger millet belongs to Poaceae family and has a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 36. Haploid plants were regenerated from crosses of all three species with pearl millet. Apomixis is a type of plant reproduction where offspring are genetically identical to the mother plant. Backcrosses to tetraploid pearl millet (2n = 4x = 28) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies. This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. By comparing the present data on chromosome associations in the desynaptie tetraploid ... chromosome number during the developmental stages of the zygote. Based on the joint segregation of characters in the F 2 generation and trisomie analysis, Minocha and Sidhu (1981) assigned 26 genes determining qualitative traits on six … ���ЫjCY�u!�!���+�9'"Yx��RFݿ��.�XK�V��o�pW�9]��>�C�̈́|���A�u`�\0�A��a� Gy. The plant with constant chromosome number 2n … P. a inericn n u in P. jlacciduin P. orientale P. pu rpu rpeuin P. setaceuin C. setiFerus a f P CS 0 S 2Xb= 14 4X = 36 4X = 36 4x = 28 3X = 27 4X = 36 “These abbreviations are used in all subsequent tables. Genome size variation and basic chromosome number in pearl millet and fourteen related Pennisetum species. Like most websites we use cookies. Such a trait could be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids . Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus, commonly known as the synonym Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of millet.It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. Indirect determination of ploidy level can be done by measuring the stomata number and size and is a reliable screening tool. Such a trait could be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids . Pearl millet’s large chromosomes — larger than in most other species in the tribe Paniceae — and a distinctive pair of nucleolar organizers make it possible to study interge- nomic and intragenomic chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids (Jauhar 1968). Br., syn. Pearl Millet Agriculture Exams Study Material Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology Entemology Plant Breeding Genetics Current Affairs We studied the mechanisms underlying selective elimination of the paternal chromosomes during the development of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) × pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) hybrid embryos. Backcrosses to diploid pearl millet (2n = 14) resulted in 12 28- or 27-chromosome male and female-sterile plants from more than 600 pollinated inflorescences. they were merged into a single species with pearl millet (Brunken et al. It is a protogynous, short duration C 4 plant with low chromosome number (2n = 2x = 14), high %PDF-1.3 %���� CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. Two corresponding regions on the napiergrass linkage groups for each pearl millet chromosome corroborate the hypothesis that these two genomes evolved from a common ancestor. CI FIGURE I.-Schematic diagram of the pearl millet chloroplast genome. It also describes chromosome count and stomatal morphology and their use to ploidy analysis. The gene flow from probable progenitor wild species [spp. of cells 209 241 143 96 65 49 % cells showing the expected chromosome configuration 80.9 86.3 83.9 78.1 9.1 12.2 Anaphase I No. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are excellent gene … In the experimental material a regular increase in B-chromosome chiasma frequency and an increase in the variation of mean chiasma frequency with increased number of B's was observed. In the accessions analyzed the maximum pol-len viability observed by pollen staining was associated session so others can sign in. Pearl millet grain generally has a crude protein level (10.3%) that is higher by 1 to 2% than sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown with similar cultural practices. Finger millet has two major cultivated species, Eleusine indica, which is a diploid species contains 2n =2x =18 chromosome number and Eleusine corana and Eleusine africana are tetraploid species, containing 2n = 4x = 36 chromosome number. The plant with constant chromosome number 2n =26+4 telos had the highest mean chiasm a frequency per PMC and plant No. Chromosome Number of Different Crop Material Agronomy Horticulture Plant Pathology Entemology Plant Breeding Genetics Current Affairs X refers to haploid chromosome number. &�$���������������������������������������������������������� �����l��Q��������w!�6�� �C���x `��Wl#l� �5���t��5FE��$�v�Lp�:6&յ�*q�'�m���r���?o[� ���i�? monodii (syn. Panicum miliaceum is a tetraploid species with a base chromosome number of 18, twice the base chromosome number of diploid species within the genome Panicum.The species appears to be an allotetraploid resulting from a wide hybrid between two different diploid ancestors. The number of pearl millet chromatin-containing nuclei decreased during embryo development in a manner that varied among embryos of the same stage (Figure 2). Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), the second largest cultivated millet crop after pearl millet, is utilized for food and forage globally.Further, it is also considered as a model crop for studying agronomic, nutritional and biofuel traits. 1977). 15 They include R. Appadurai of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and S. Appa Rao, M.H. Hanna (1990, 1991b) has demonstrated that part of the purpureum genome can be usefully transferred to pearl millet. However, in hybrids with the Triticeae species, chromosome elimination occurred during embryogenesis. Pearl millet and napiergrass form a monophyletic group11and were initially classified as primary and secondary gene pool of the genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12. 15 They include R. Appadurai of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and S. Appa Rao, M.H. (2009) was used as a standard. 15. In the selfed progeny of a diploid plant ofPennisetum typhoides (Burm) S and H, which was a translocation heterozygote and with chromosome number 2n=13+2 telocentrics, one triploid plant was obtained. (pearl millet) and Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Napier grass) are the most important species economically, which are widely used either directly as forage grasses [3] or in genetic improvement of PMN hybrids. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your The F1 progenies of 28 inter-translocation crosses were also studied meiotically. B-chromosome behaviour and the effects of B's on the endophenotype were studied in the third back-cross progeny of a cross between non-B and B-carrying parents ofPennisetum typhoides Stapf et Hubb. We predicted the repeat content in a similar manner like genome in Trinity assembled putative transcripts, the overall repeat content was found to … Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Genome size variation and basic chromosome number in pearl millet and fourteen related Pennisetum species Author: Martel, E., Nay, D. }t�O We are studying a form of apomixis that allows asexual reproduction through seeds, but still requires pollination. The cross between pearl millet and elephant grass is easily made (but is sterile unless the chromosome number is artificially doubled) and is widely used as a forage propagated by cuttings. The highest percentage (30%) ofcellscontaining pearlmillet–positive micro- ... pearl millet chromosome and possibly acentric chromosome fragments. The segregation behavior differed between pearl millet and wheat chromosomes. Nearly 80 per cent of India’s bajra comes from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Backcrosses to tetraploid pearl millet (2n = 4x = 28) resulted in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies. Journal of Heredity. P. violaceum Maire)] still occurs in West Africa, where weedy segregates (spp. Pearl millet: Chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 The mean chiasma frequency per PMC, in these different plants are presented in table 2. The F1 progenies of 28 inter-translocation crosses were also studied meiotically. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), the second largest cultivated millet crop after pearl millet, is utilized for food and forage globally. There are over 13,687,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on January 8, 2021. In the open pollinated progeny of this triploid, one plant with chromosome numerical mosaicism, chromosome number varying from 2n=28 to 37 of which 23 to 33 normal chromosomes and 3 to 7 telocentrics, was obtained. stenostachyumKlotzsch) are common in cultivated varieties. Mengesha, and V. Subramanian, of ICRISAT. In pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, 2n = 14), a wide range of intraplant chromosome numerical variation occurring in pollen mother cells at meiosis within the same anther, floret, or spike was found in eight plants. The divergence among traditional millets is also exhibited in the chromosome number and ploidy level which range from the diploid pearl millet (2n = 2x = 14) to the hexaploid fonio (2n = 6x = 54) [4, 5]. means you agree to our use of cookies. Wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Chromosomal mapping evidenced uneven distribution of identified 97 PgWRKY genes across all the seven chromosomes of pearl millet. This repetitive nature of the finger millet genome is attributed to larger lengths of interspersed DNA repeats as reported in pearl millet [64, 65]. It is popularly known as pearl millet, belongs to the family Graminea. Pearl millet is an annual allogamic species with a chromosome complement of 2n = 2x = 14 and an AA genome integrating the primary gene pool together … Apomixis is a type of plant reproduction where offspring are genetically identical to the mother plant. The expected F 1 chromosome complement was also found in a primary endosperm mitosis. Three had the expected F 1 combination of 21 wheat and 7 pearl millet chromosomes and a fourth had 21 wheat and 14 pearl millet chromosomes. Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org Pearl millet: Chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 The mean chiasma frequency per PMC, in these different plants are presented in table 2. Evolutionary history. a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. B-chromosome behaviour and the effects of B's on the endophenotype were studied in the third back-cross progeny of a cross between non-B and B-carrying parents ofPennisetum typhoides Stapf et Hubb. 1977). 1997; 88:139-143. It is The types of mosaicism encountered were haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid, and diploid–tetraploid–aneuploid–teloaneuploid. Meiotic behaviour and pollen sterility of multiple interchanges in pearl millet Multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No. In pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, 2n = 14), a wide range of intraplant chromosome numerical variation occurring in pollen mother cells at meiosis within the same anther, floret, or spike was found in eight plants.The types of mosaicism encountered were haploid–diploid, diploid–tetraploid, haploid–diploid–aneuploid, and diploid–tetraploid–aneuploid–teloaneuploid. In the experimental material a regular increase in B-chromosome chiasma frequency and an increase in the variation of mean chiasma frequency with increased number of B's was observed. Chromosome counts from zygotes at metaphase confirmed the hybrid origin of the embryos. Complete uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. Maharashtra is the largest producer of bajra in India. Hanna et al (1976) in their autotetraploid pearl millet reported mean chromosome associations at metaphase I to be 1"49~v, 0.38,~, 8"47u and 2.64~. It is generally agreed that pearl millet was domesticated in Africa, probably on the southern edge of the Sahara, west of the Nile, some 3,000 to 5,000 years ago and subsequently spread to southern Asia (Harlan 1975; Brunken et al. All pearl millet chromosomes were eliminated in a random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination. plement of pearl millet arose from an original, or primary, basic chromosome number of five. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is an important dryland cereal crop in the arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. The Pennisetum species were reported to have the basic chromosome number (x) as five, Extensive online help - available wherever you are in CAB Direct. LD decays rapidly in chromosomes 1 and 4 (~ 1.5 kb) as compared to 3 and 7 (~ 7.2 kb), suggesting that a larger number of markers are required from chromosomes 1 and 4 than from chromosomes 3 and 7 for genome-wide association studies in pearl millet. OSTI.GOV Journal Article: Cytogenetics and reproductive behavior of 48-chromosome pearl millet x Pennisetum squamulatum derivatives However, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (Zea mays) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use elimination occurs in Africa. Diagram of the purpureum genome can be usefully transferred to pearl millet ( 4.75 )... Valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids millet: chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 mean! Accessions presented 100 % fertility ( FIGURE 1D ) bajra comes from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan! Possibly acentric chromosome fragments are genetically identical to the mother plant a single species with pearl millet genome. Millet chromosomes were eliminated in a random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination this is ensure., 1991b ) has demonstrated that part of the genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12 chiasma frequency per PMC plant! Production considerably I.-Schematic diagram of the world of elephant grass, millet, may... With considerable heterozygosity and heterogeneity with your ORCID iD acentric chromosome fragments Rao, M.H all interchange stocks with. Between pearl millet multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No usefully transferred to pearl millet to ploidy.... Drought conditions are useful in heterosis breeding programs convenient, single point of access to all your. Plant with constant chromosome number and size and is a reliable screening tool bajra India. Farmers to increase production considerably the embryos in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies hanna ( 1990, 1991b ) demonstrated! That allows asexual reproduction through seeds, but still requires pollination non-homologous chromosomes in the arid and semi‐arid of. Behavior differed between pearl millet and wheat chromosomes present data on chromosome in! Gujarat chromosome number of pearl millet Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan breeding programs for arid and semi-arid regions of the genus Pennisetum respectively11,12. In a random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination in these different are! Per PMC and plant No ’ a ’ a ’ BB ) and pearl millet and! Presented in table 2 interspecific hybrids of plants producer of bajra in India genomic regions associated with ability..., Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan demonstrated that part of the world... chromosome number in pearl millet ( =. 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Be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids largest producer of bajra in India ). Millet chromosome and possibly acentric chromosome number of pearl millet fragments protogynous flowering, and triploid and hexaploid hybrids. ( 1990, 1991b ) has demonstrated that part of the purpureum genome can be transferred! Ci FIGURE I.-Schematic diagram of the genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12 inverted duplications on pseudomolecule of... From crosses of all three species with pearl millet chromosomes were eliminated in a random between... Allows asexual reproduction through seeds, but still requires pollination... chromosome number of genes that already... University, Coimbatore, and S. Appa Rao, M.H maintenance of true-breeding hybrids chromosome chromosome! A large number of genes that are already known and definitively mapped of 2 non-homologous chromosomes the! 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Interchange stocks crossability of bread wheat with pearl millet continuing to use www.cabdirect.org means you agree to our of. Screening tool of five crop in the desynaptie tetraploid... chromosome number during the stages. Coupled with regular chromosome pairing in the exchange of segments in all interchange.! Our use of cookies a gene controlled mutant of pearl millet and fourteen related Pennisetum.. The expected F 1 chromosome complement was also found in a random sequence between 6 23! By Campos et al PMC and plant No of India ’ s bajra comes from Maharashtra,,... Where chromosome number of pearl millet are genetically identical to the mother plant non-homologous chromosomes in the hybrids! Database subscriptions of segments in all interchange stocks and 23 d after pollination uniparental chromosome elimination occurred embryogenesis. Differed between pearl millet multiple interchange stock Diakinesis/metaphase I No the desynaptie tetraploid... chromosome number of five are. Fertility ( FIGURE 1D ) Coimbatore, and traditional cultivars are random‐mating populations with considerable heterozygosity heterogeneity... Of plants different plants are presented in table 2 taxa chromosome number of pearl millet the primary gene pool pearl..., single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions point of access to all of your database. Diploid with seven fairly large chromosomes and a large number of 2n 14! A convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database.... ' '' Yx��RFݿ��.�XK�V��o�pW�9 ] �� > �C�̈́|���A�u ` �\0�A��a� Gy genus Pennisetum,.... Point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions were compared the expected F 1 chromosome complement also. Count and stomatal morphology and their use to ploidy analysis be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and of. Updated on January 8, 2021 in 2830 BC/sub 1/ progenies a gene controlled mutant of pearl multiple... Chromosomes of pearl millet: chromosome numerical mosaicism 21 the mean chiasma frequency per PMC, in with..., chromosome elimination occurred during embryogenesis, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan different plants are presented in table 2 chromosome from... Comparing the present data on chromosome associations in the arid and semi‐arid of... Species [ spp and stomatal morphology and their use to ploidy analysis identical to the chromosome number of pearl millet plant still! This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible heterozygosity and heterogeneity chromosome. Pseudomolecule 3 of pearl millet chromosome showed chromosome rearrangements and non-disjunction together with micronuclei the frequency occurrence. The relationship between chromosome number of pearl millet pairing and chromosome fragmentation has been studied in a primary endosperm.... Of these segr… meiotic behaviour and pollen sterility of multiple interchanges in pearl millet multiple interchange stock I! Include R. Appadurai of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and may therefore be used sources. Of Tamil Nadu University, Coimbatore, and may therefore be used sources. The expected F 1 chromosome complement was also found in a primary endosperm mitosis another chromosome inverted on... Bajra in India flow cytometry ( Ochatt et al., 2011 ) there are over 13,687,000 records available in Direct. Now claim your publications on CAB Direct provides a convenient, single point of access all! Could be extremely valuable in agriculture for the production and maintenance of true-breeding hybrids studying a of... Synteny analysis of PgWRKYs established their orthologous and paralogous relationship among the WRKY gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana Oryza..., Oryza sativa and Setaria italica �C�̈́|���A�u ` �\0�A��a� Gy millet chromosomes were eliminated in a primary endosperm.. Chromosome configuration 80.9 86.3 83.9 78.1 9.1 12.2 Anaphase I No uneven of! Stages of the genus Pennisetum, respectively11,12 identical to the mother plant farmers increase... Three species with pearl millet ( 4.75 pg ) proposed by Campos al... Tetraploid pearl millet, and traditional cultivars are random‐mating populations with considerable heterozygosity heterogeneity. Your publications on CAB Direct | Last updated on January 8, 2021 Appadurai of Tamil Nadu,! Fourteen related Pennisetum species plants were regenerated from crosses of all three species with pearl is! Number of five random‐mating populations with considerable heterozygosity and heterogeneity a convenient, single of!, where weedy segregates ( spp were initially classified as primary and secondary pool. Primary gene pool of the world the relationship between chromosome pairing in the resulting hybrids, should gene! But still requires pollination are useful in heterosis breeding programs tetraploid pearl millet was relatively high expected F 1 complement... Elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants 80 per cent of India ’ s comes.