Sugarcane remains an important part of the economy of Guyana, Belize, Barbados, and Haiti, along with the Sugarcane is harvested by hand and mechanically. Namely, Kharif and Rabi. The next step was a cooling trough, where the sugar crystals hardened around a sticky core of molasses. The production of ethanol from sugar cane is more energy efficient than from corn or sugar beets or palm/vegetable oils, particularly if cane bagasse is used to produce heat and power for the process. Coffee, cocoa, tea, sugarcane, cotton, and spices are some examples of cash crops. This mechanical harvesting does not require the field to be set on fire; the residue left in the field by the machine consists of sugar cane tops and dead leaves, which serve as mulch for the next planting. Bone char or coal-based activated carbon is traditionally used in this role. Other sugarcane products include molasses, rum, and cachaça (a Brazilian alcohol), and the plant itself can be used as thatch and as livestock fodder. Important crops are – watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. The largest producer of Sugarcanes is Brazil, and … (a) West Bengal and Bihar (b) Jammu and Kashmir (c) Punjab and Haryana (d) Tamil Nadu and Kerala (c) Punjab and Haryana 10. The calcium phosphate particles entrap some impurities and absorb others, and then float to the top of the tank, where they can be skimmed off. The onset of the Southwest monsoon which starts raining from South India and slowly advance towards North India. The major crops in India can be divided into four categories viz. [38][39], Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane, such as sugarcane grassy shoot disease caused by Phytoplasma, whiptail disease or sugarcane smut, pokkah boeng caused by Fusarium moniliforme, Xanthomonas axonopodis bacteria causes Gumming Disease, and red rot disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum. Crops such as paddy, sugarcane, cotton, wheat and vegetables which require more water are grown using wet farming. It is a part of agriculture too for the UPSC exam. The second term "cane" began to be used alongside it as the crop was grown on plantations in the Caribbean, this term is ultimately of Hebrew-origin from קנה (KaNeH) meaning "reed" or "stalk". It’s an annual crop, maturity of the ripening will depend on the climate of the area and planting the crop. [51] The average worldwide yield of sugarcane crops in 2018 was 73 tonnes per hectare, led by Peru with 121 tonnes per hectare. Sugarcane processing produces cane sugar (sucrose) from sugarcane. In Brazil, gasoline is required to contain at least 22% bioethanol. [12][13], The earliest known production of crystalline sugar began in northern India. A Constant Challenge to Sugarcane Breeding in Brazil", "A Nitrogen-Fixing Endophyte of Sugarcane Stems (A New Role for the Apoplast)", "Nicaraguans demand action over illness killing thousands of sugar cane workers", "Syrup Clarification for Plantation White Sugar to meet New Quality Standards", "Is Your Sugar Vegan? Cane yield can be increased by adopting new planting technique of sugarcane sowing in 2 rows in one trench at a distance of 1.25 to 1.50 feet apart of 2.5 feet wide and 1.25 feet deep trench with 2 feet wide bed (Figer-1). Bagasse, the residual dry fiber of the cane after cane juice has been extracted, is used for several purposes:[48]. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. Kharif season begins with first rains of the monsoon season. It can be used as a biofuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil. In colonial times, sugar formed one side of the triangle trade of New World raw materials, along with European manufactured goods, and African slaves. [58] Using Mauritius as a reference, an annual potential of 10,000 GWh of additional electricity could be produced throughout Africa. e.g. Mechanical harvesting uses a combine, or sugarcane harvester. • The kharif season starts with the onset of the monsoon. Q.8. [19][20][21][22] Around the 8th century, Muslim and Arab traders introduced sugar from medieval India to the other parts of the Abbasid Caliphate in the Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, Egypt, North Africa, and Andalusia. The plant is also grown for biofuel production, especially in Brazil, as the canes Can I use fenugreek seeds instead of leaves? Cash crops- sugarcane, tobacco, jute, cotton, oilseeds. Sugarcane being a long duration crop which requires more irrigation. What is internal and external criticism of historical sources? Per hectare per year, the biomass produced corresponds to 0.27 TJ. It is native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of India, Southeast Asia and New Guinea. Food crops such as rice, wheat, and corn are also grown as cash crops to meet the global food demand. These two stages are slowly merging. [34], Sugarcane can be grown on many soils ranging from highly fertile, well-drained Mollisols, through heavy cracking Vertisols, infertile acid Oxisols and Ultisols, peaty Histosols, to rocky Andisols. An article on Sugarcane cultivation in Spain is brought down in Ibn al-'Awwam's 12th-century agricultural work, Book on Agriculture.[23]. India is a top producer country of many crops. Sugar cane (the bit you eat) is a stem, not a fruit. British owners of sugarcane plantations therefore needed new workers, and they found cheap labour in China and India. 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