In History. 1901-1904 – Captain Robert Falcon Scott, UK, leads his first Antarctic expedition to try to reach the South Pole, with Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson. Edward Bransfield and William Smith saw the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. More information can be found at the Scott Polar Research Institute. Antarctica has been at the forefront of human discovery since it was first sighted two centuries ago. The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD. Jan 17, 1773. Only one of the four occupants was able to swim to safety reaching an ice-flow from which he was rescued thirteen hours later. Wilhelm Filchner led an expedition on board the Deutschland to determine if Antarctica was a continent. Timeline Antarctica. Sir Vivian Fuchs was sometimes known as Bunny Fuchs. Aug 8, 1914. 1928 – Australian Sir George Wilkins and American Carl Benjamin Eielson are the first to fly over Antarctica around the peninsula region. Antarctica Timeline of Exploration: Lesson for Kids 3:44 Next Lesson. Die Wilkins Runway (deutsch: Wilkins-Landebahn), auch Wilkins Ice Runway und Wilkins Aerodrome genannt, ist eine Start- und Landebahn auf dem unteren Peterson-Gletscher, die von der Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) betrieben wird. Captain Cook and his crew became the first people to cross the Antarctic Circle. Charles Wyville Thompson studied the ocean depths. 1957-1958 – During the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, 12 nations establish 50 stations in Antarctica, the beginning of formal, international cooperation. General. Until 1780 – Terra Australis . In History. Fuchs’ team reached the Pole from the opposite direction on 19 January 1958. Maps, geological specimens, photographs and diaries were collected from the camp by a search party in the following spring. One scientific journey in search of birds, to Cape Crozier, was undertaken during the Antarctic winter and is described in the book: ‘The Worst Journey in the World’ by Apsley Cherry-Garrard. It seeks to conserve Antarctica and it is regularly revised. Jan 17, 1773. The expedition was supported and promoted by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society and funded by the Coats brothers of Paisley textile firm. Discovery, first used by Scott at the beginning of the 20th Century. The Royal Navy sends Edward Bransfield with William Smith (who had discovered the South Shetland Islands) as pilot, to search the waters south-east of the South Shetlands. Douglas Mawson led the Australian Antarctic Expedition about the Aurora. In Uncategorized. Order Brochure The treaty comes into effect in 1961 and the first meeting is held in Canberra in recognition of Australia’s effort in negotiations. Read more about the Transglobe Expedition. Read all about Antarctica's history in this Antarctic Timeline. In 1935, Caroline Mikkelsen, wife of a Norwegian whaling captain, became the first known woman to set foot, briefly, in Antarctica. A Brief History of Antarctica in Maps. Discovered Alexander I Land, Peter I Island, Annenkov Island, & Traversey Island. British Expedition to Graham Land led by John Cope. These programmes and other international studies use modern methods to reveal the interactions between organisms in the Southern Ocean. Jan 1, 1899, The First Winter Was Over Jan 1, 1839, First dog to be in Antarctica Jan 9, 1829, First scientist to work in the Antarctic Jan 27, 1820, Antarctica First Spotted They covered 5,000km until illness and snow blindness forced them back. Antarctica Timeline: 2007-2008 Early 1900s: During this period, many countries sent exploring expeditions to the Antarctic. Captain Carl Larsen landed near the Antarctic Peninsula on Seymour Island and discovered fossils that proved that there was once warm climate in Antarctica. 1911 to 1914-Douglas Mawson. The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. Antarctica (occasionally known as Bellinsgauzenia, Terra Australis, Terra Incognita or Australia, though the latter term is extremely uncommon) is the southernmost and fifth-largest of the Earth's continents. December 1989. The Ross Sea Party had the task of setting supply depots from McMurdo Sound to the Beardmore Glacier to provide supplies for the Trans-Continental party led by Shackleton. In January 1913 Mawson begins his solo trek back to his base after his two companions die. The Trans-Continental party would not be able to carry all their supplies so another group would be based on the Ross Ice Shelf laying depots towards Beardmore glacier. Antarctica is the Earth's southernmost continent.It is on the South Pole.It is almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle.Around Antarctica is the Southern Ocean.It is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. Discovered Crown Prince Gustaf canals, Scott Bay, Larsen Ice Shelf, fossils on Seymour. Though the ancient Greeks first hypothesized the existence of a southern landmass, Antarctica remained undiscovered throughout most of human history. Their main objective was to explore whether the climatic fluctuations observed in the Arctic were also occurring in Antarctica. Gentoo Pengiuns in Antarctica. Members of the party were also the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. John Biscoe found islands around Graham Land. This is especially important for the management of the Southern Oceans where a few species, notably krill, dominate the biological process. As a result, it is claimed that he is the first to see the Antarctic Peninsula. It wasn’t until the late 1800s that the existence of this mythic land was finally confirmed.1773Captain James Cook crosses the Antarctic Circle and circumnavigates Antarctica, though he never actually sights land. Ernest Shackleton led the British Antarctic Expedition on the Nimrod to try to reach the South Pole, this time accompanied by Frank Wild, Eric Marshall and Jameson Adams. The Halley Research Station was established in 1956 and the first permanent base at the Scott Amundson Base South Pole in 1957, using air transport as part of the programme. HISTORIA DE LA PSICOLOGIA. A Brief Biography of Robert Falcon Scott. Scott’s polar party arrives several weeks later to find they have been beaten, and tragically perish on the return trip. 1935 – Caroline Mikkelsen, Norway, is the first woman to set foot, albeit briefly, on Antarctica when she accompanies her husband, Klarius Mikkelsen, a whaling captain. A small party led by Shackleton sets out in a small boat for South Georgia. But what do we know about its history? Read all about Antarctica's history in this Antarctic Timeline. Ross Sea Party led by Aeneas Mackintosh on board the Aurora. The boat was not sea worthy enough to sail to the whaling station in the north of the island, so Shackleton, Worsley and Crean set off to cross the island on foot over mountains and glaciers for 36 hours to the whaling station from which a rescue could be mounted. Die 3200 Meter lange und 45 Meter breite Landebahn im Hinterland der Budd-Küste im Wilkesland auf dem antarktischen Kontinent wird mit einem Airbus A319 … 1820: In November, American Nathaniel Palmer, on the HERO, claims to see the Antarctic Peninsula. The International Antarctic Glaciological Project saw the first use of radio echo sounding equipment in Antarctica to measure ice thickness. In 1994 there were 37 active, year-round stations operated by 17 nations. Go beyond the normal Antarctica tour areas. Antarctica's Exploration Timeline . At present, the history of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is unknown: it has been inferred from low-latitude proxy data-principally from oxygen isotopic measurements on deep-ocean benthic foraminifers-and from the record of eustatic sea-level change adduced from sediments on low-latitude margins (e.g., Miller et al., 1987; Haq et al., 1987). 1820. History Around 200 million years ago, Antarctica was joined with Australia, Africa, South America, India and New Zealand in the supercontinent Gondwana. The start of ongoing British study of the Southern Ocean through marine cruises by the Offshore Biological Programme, which later became the Pelagic Ecosystem Studies. Antarctica had been a part of " Gondwanaland " (an ancient super continent that was breaking up and doesn't exist any more) for about 200 million years. The Weddell seal got its name during these expeditions. Algis Ratnikas. Captain Robert Falcon Scott led the British Antarctic Expedition aboard the Terra Nova with the aim of reaching the South Pole as a major and public objective. Although he doesn’t gain a visual on land, he does see deposits of rock in icebergs, which proved … Shipwreck on Antarctica. After the end of the war in 1945, Tabarin’s three bases and its scientific work were transferred to a new organisation - The Falklands Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS). I hope you enjoy! Photo credit: Shutterstock. Photo credit: Shutterstock. The voyage … Antarctica - Antarctica - History: Many nations were involved in the discovery and early exploration of Antarctica. They mark an important stage in British oceanographic studies of the marine ecosystem by employing new techniques in large scale multi-disciplinary study. 1914-1917 – Shackleton returns to Antarctica in an attempt to complete the first crossing of the continent. "Bellinsgauzenia" was an early name for the continent, named for its discoverer, the Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. Antarctica Timeline: 1961. Bases were established on Antarctica for the first time and other bases were rapidly built. Arctic The prime purpose was to determine the magnetic South Pole. 1982 – Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) established. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition led by Sir Vivian Fuchs and supported by Sir Edmund Hillary undertook the first crossing of the Antarctic from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Pole. The men used green-tinted goggles to combat snow-blindness, skis and a mixture of ponies, dogs, motor sledges and man-hauling to reach the Pole. 1911 On December 14th – Norwegian Roald Amundsen leads a five-man expedition that reaches the geographic South Pole for the first time. Ernest Shackleton led the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition aboard the Endurance. It shows measurements of mean annual air temperature compared with the present from the Vostok ice core in East Antarctica. In 1914, Shackleton made his third trip to the Antarctic with the ship 'Endurance', planning to cross Antarctica via the South Pole. The Antarctic Treaty was drawn up in 1959 and it came into force in 1961. Mapped part of the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica Timeline: Early 1900s. To really explore the continent's history, we have to go back far before Cook first crossed the Antarctic Circle. Prehistory to the present. Antarctica Timeline Antartica's History is very interesting. It is claimed that they are the first to see the Antarctic Peninsula. 1772 to 1775-James Cook. 1819-21 – Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (a captain in the Russian Imperial Navy) cast his eyes on the Antarctic continent on 27 January 1820, three days before Edward Bransfield (a captain in the British Royal Navy) sighted land, and ten months before Nathaniel Palmer did in November The party was led by the Norwegian Captain John Giaever, with each country in charge of a different aspect of the expedition. James cook passes the Antarctic circle James Cook passes the antarctic circle Feb 7, 1821. Public timelines ; Search; Sign in; Sign up; Antarctic History Timeline created by asimkhada. More information can be found at www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/themes/antarctica. Part of a commercial site. Since then the extent of the ozone hole has been monitored continuously using both ground-based and satellite-based techniques. The first women to winter on the continent were Americans Edith Ronne and Jennie Darlington, wives of Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition members in 1947. Pioneers in Antarctica. On 28 November 1979, 237 passengers and 20 crew were killed when Air New Zealand Flight TE901 crashed into Mt Erebus, Antarctica. Find out more about their current activities at the British Antarctic Survey website. A small party led by Shackleton sets out in a small boat for South Georgia. 1998 – Madrid Protocol enters into force, designating Antarctica’s ‘natural reserve devoted to peace and science’ and prohibiting mining in Antarctica. U2A1. In the meantime their ship was crushed and they were forced to spend two winters in Antarctica until they were rescued by an Argentinean ship. Eventually two men, Bagshawe and Lester were left in Antarctica over the winter, their shelter being a converted water boat in Paradise Harbour, now renamed Waterboat Point. The tragedy was followed by a demanding recovery operation and a raging debate over who or what was to blame Read the full article Page 2 – Tourist flights to Antarctica The early period consisted mainly of explorations and voyages penetrating to far southern regions. The timeline of discovering Antarctica and the ‘race’ to the South Pole, from first sighting to Scott, Amundsen, Shackleton and more. Antarctic Population Dynamics Since the IGY, scientific research in the Antarctic has continued at a steady pace. The aims of the expedition were undertaking scientific research, assessing the economic potential of the area and reasserting British sovereignty in the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica was found Captain James Cook found Antarctica in January 1773 and he did not see a sight of land. Captain Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle 1773 - 1775 Captain James Cook and his crew became the first people to cross the Antarctic Circle. 1769-70 James Cook voyages to New Zealandto determine the eastern tip of the land Tasman had sighted. 1911-1914 – Mawson returns to Antarctica to lead the Australasian Scientific Antarctic Expedition, the first to be organised and led by an Australian, pioneering use of aircraft and radio in Antarctic exploration. Douglas Mawson led the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, or BANZARE for short, on board the Discovery. : Aristotle theorizes that there must be a landmass in the south similar to that of the northern hemisphere. They covered 1356 miles in 6 1/2 weeks, carrying some 4500lb of supplies, making it one of the longest land journeys undertaken to date. Music: Industrial Revolution by Kevin MacLeod. Ship sailing around Antarctica. The Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the Sorth Pole on Dec. 14, 1911. Find out more about the removal of sledge dogs, www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/themes/antarctica. Captain James Clark Ross discovered the coast of Victoria Land, sighted Mount Erebus (which is an active volcano) and found the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf. Antarctica timeline | Discovering Antarctica. He turns back after supplies are exhausted. 1773 – James Cook becomes the first person to navigate across the Antarctic Circle and proceed to circumnavigate the continent of Antarctica. Bad weather made the return from the Pole increasingly difficult and Scott and his party died only 18 kilometres from a supply camp which might have saved them. Aristotle names the southern end of the earth “Antarktikos” (or opposite of end of “Arktos”, or bear). Antarctic Exploration Timeline. Related links. The support party waiting on the other side of the continent is eventually rescued in 1917. Communications. Public timelines ; Search; Sign in; Sign up; Antarctic History Timeline created by ryonag. Antarctic History Jan 17, 1773. After crossing the Antarctic Circle they continued to 71˚10’S. The last dogs were removed from Antarctica on 22nd February 1994. Read more about ozone level science at the British Antarctic Survey, Setting up the Antarctic Digital Database (ADD), Version 6.0 of the ADD went live on 1st June 2012. Timelines of Antarctica. Timeline of the History of Antarctica 1911 Roald Amundsen led his first five man expedition to the South Pole. 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