Las Casas had a considerable part in selecting them and writing the instructions under which their new government would be instated, largely based on Las Casas's memorial. Benjamin Keen likewise did not consider Las Casas to have had any substantial impact on the slave trade, which was well in place before he began writing. "[83], Las Casas's first proposed remedy was a complete moratorium on the use of Indian labor in the Indies until such time as better regulations of it were set in place. [42] He suggested fortifying the northern coast of Venezuela, establishing ten royal forts to protect the Indians and starting up a system of trade in gold and pearls. [74], In 1552, Las Casas published A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. He is commemorated by the Church of England in the Calendar of Saints on July 20, The Episcopal Church (USA) on July 18, and at the Evangelical Lutheran Church on July 17. [73] The verdict was inconclusive, and both debaters claimed that they had won. [61], Before Las Casas returned to Spain, he was also appointed as Bishop of Chiapas, a newly established diocese of which he took possession in 1545 upon his return to the New World. Escuela Bartolome de las Casas is a public school located in San German, PR. £53 (cloth), £13.99 (paper). ... Al terminar sus estudios, viajó a las Indias partiendo desde el Puerto de Sanlúcar de Barrameda, en Cádiz, en 1502. Originally planned as a six-volume work, each volume describes a decade of the history of the Indies from the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 to 1520, and most of it is an eye-witness account. Las Casas hielt sich ab 1502 zunächst als Kolonist in den neuen spanischen Besitzungen in Amerika auf und wurde ab 1514 einer der schärfsten und beachtetsten Kritiker der Conquista sowie Streiter für die Situation der Indios in den … This resulted in a new resolution to be presented to viceroy Mendoza. Today this word -used in various modifications- is still popularly used to designate the people andisland of Puerto Rico. Bartolomé de las Casas (US: /lɑːs ˈkɑːsəs/ lahs KAH-səs; Spanish: [baɾtoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas] (listen); 11 November 1484[1] – 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish landowner, friar, priest, and bishop, famed as a historian and social reformer. Bartolomé de Las Casas (* 1484 oder 1485 in Sevilla[1]; 18. Luis M. Díaz Soler† : Decano Académico, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y El Caribe (Porto Rico) In : Bartolomé de Las Casas : Face à l'esclavage des Noir-e-s en Amériques/Caraïbes.L'aberration du Onzième Remède (1516) [en ligne]. [14], With his father, Las Casas immigrated to the island of Hispaniola in 1502, on the expedition of Nicolás de Ovando. [56] The encomienda had, in fact, legally been abolished in 1523, but it had been reinstituted in 1526, and in 1530 a general ordinance against slavery was reversed by the Crown. Hijo de Pedro de Las Casas, mercader de profesión, oriundo de Tarifa (Cádiz), y de Isabel de Sosa. Las ideas de Las Casas contienen los principios básicos de la moderna misionología reafirmada por el Concilio Vaticano II. [88], The Apologetic Summary History of the People of These Indies (Spanish: Apologética historia summaria de las gentes destas Indias) was first written as the 68th chapter of the General History of the Indies, but Las Casas changed it into a volume of its own, recognizing that the material was not historical. Biography of Bartolomé de las Casas (1474-1566). [13] As a young man, in 1507, he journeyed to Rome where he observed the Festival of Flutes. Las Casas was finally convinced that all the actions of the Spanish in the New World had been illegal and that they constituted a great injustice. ... [Puerto Rico], Cuba, and Jamaica. This letter, which reinvoked the old conflict over the requirements for the sacrament of baptism between the two orders, was intended to bring Las Casas in disfavour. ), Estudios sobre Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-americanos, 1974; I. Pérez Fernández, Inventario documentado de los escritos de Fr. Las Casas advocated the dismantlement of the city of Asunción and the subsequent gathering of Indians into communities of about 1,000 Indians to be situated as satellites of Spanish towns or mining areas. La Escuela Fray Bartolome De Las Casas tiene localizada sus facilidades fisicas en Ave Eduardo Conde Final en el pueblo de San Juan, Puerto Rico. Pp. Las Casas was disappointed and infuriated. Gunst, Laurie. Las Casas worked there in adverse conditions for the following months, being constantly harassed by the Spanish pearl fishers of Cubagua island who traded slaves for alcohol with the natives. After several months of negotiations Las Casas set sail alone; the peasants he had brought had deserted, and he arrived in his colony already ravaged by Spaniards.[44]. For this reason it was a pressing matter for Bartolomé de las Casas to plead once again for the Indians with Charles V who was by now Holy Roman Emperor and no longer a boy. [109][110], In 1848, Ciudad de San Cristóbal, then the capital of the Mexican state of Chiapas, was renamed San Cristóbal de Las Casas in honor of its first bishop. Las Casas entered the Dominican Order and became a friar, leaving public life for a decade. His work is a particular inspiration behind the work of the Las Casas Institute at Blackfriars Hall, Oxford. [53] In 1538 Las Casas was recalled from his mission by Bishop Marroquín who wanted him to go to Mexico and then on to Spain to seek more Dominicans to assist in the mission. On what authority have you waged such detestable wars against these people who dealt quietly and peacefully on their own lands? Even some of Las Casas's enemies, such as Toribio de Benavente Motolinia, reported many gruesome atrocities committed against the Indians by the colonizers. This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 04:13. [65][66] At the meeting, probably after lengthy reflection, and realizing that the New Laws were lost in Mexico, Las Casas presented a moderated view on the problems of confession and restitution of property, Archbishop Juan de Zumárraga of Mexico and Bishop Julián Garcés of Puebla agreed completely with his new moderate stance, Bishop Vasco de Quiroga of Michoacán had minor reservations, and Bishops Francisco Marroquín of Guatemala and Juan Lopez de Zárate of Oaxaca did not object. He proposed 12 other remedies, all having the specific aim of improving the situation for the Indians and limiting the powers that colonists were able to exercise over them.[84]. Las Casas himself was granted the official title of Protector of the Indians, and given a yearly salary of one hundred pesos. In addition, his critique towards the colonizers served to bring awareness to his audience on the true meaning of Christianity, to dismantle any misconceptions on evangelization. [65] Las Casas furthermore threatened that anyone who mistreated Indians within his jurisdiction would be excommunicated. [94], Las Casas's legacy has been highly controversial. Inventário documentado de los escritos de Frey Bartolomé de Las Casas, Bayamon-Puerto Rico, 1981. Bartolomé de Las Casas was born in 1484 in Sevilla, Spain. [43], Arriving in Puerto Rico, in January 1521, he received the terrible news that the Dominican convent at Chiribichi had been sacked by Indians, and that the Spaniards of the islands had launched a punitive expedition, led by Gonzalo de Ocampo, into the very heart of the territory that Las Casas wanted to colonize peacefully. Bartolomé de las Casas is the most polemical figure in the great event that was the discovery and conquest of America. "[24] Las Casas and his friend Pedro de la Rentería were awarded a joint encomienda which was rich in gold and slaves, located on the Arimao River close to Cienfuegos. It found its final form in 1561, when he was working in the Colegio de San Gregorio. [112] In 2002 the church began the process for his beatification. [17][18], In September 1510, a group of Dominican friars arrived in Santo Domingo led by Pedro de Córdoba; appalled by the injustices they saw committed by the slaveowners against the Indians, they decided to deny slave owners the right to confession. Arriving as one of the first Spanish (and European) settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in, but eventually felt compelled to oppose, the abuses committed by colonists against the Native Americans. While he was gone the native Caribs attacked the settlement of Cumaná, burned it to the ground and killed four of Las Casas's men. They did revoke some encomiendas from Spaniards, especially those who were living in Spain and not on the islands themselves; they even repossessed the encomienda of Fonseca, the Bishop of Burgos. The first edition published in Spain after Las Casas's death appeared in Barcelona during the Catalan Revolt of 1646. To make the proposal palatable to the king, Las Casas had to incorporate the prospect of profits for the royal treasury. While waiting, Las Casas produced a report that he presented to the Bishop of Burgos, Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, and secretary Lope Conchillos, who were functionaries in complete charge of the royal policies regarding the Indies; both were encomenderos. Su padre era Pedro de las Casas, un comerciante de familia emigrada desde Francia para establecerse y fundar la ciudad de … Perpignan : Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2011 (généré le … Lo recoge en la Historia de Indias , (OC. In the Catholic Church, the Dominicans introduced his cause for canonization in 1976. The Taíno Indians, lived in small villages or "bateyes", and were organized in clans, le… [64] As a bishop Las Casas was involved in frequent conflicts with the encomenderos and secular laity of his diocese: among the landowners there was the conquistador Bernal Díaz del Castillo. He traveled to Central America, acting as a missionary among the Maya of Guatemala and participating in debates among colonial churchmen about how best to bring the natives to the Christian faith. The judges then deliberated on the arguments presented for several months before coming to a verdict. Lantigua, David. This was his "Memorial de Remedios para Las Indias" of 1516. [77], One matter in which he invested much effort was the political situation of the Viceroyalty of Peru. In 1531 a complaint was sent by the encomenderos of Hispaniola that Las Casas was again accusing them of mortal sins from the pulpit. [91][92] It was in the History of the Indies that Las Casas finally regretted his advocacy for African slavery, and included a sincere apology, writing, "I soon repented and judged myself guilty of ignorance. Bartolomé de las Casas Primeros años Bartolomé de las Casas nació el 24 de agosto de 1484 en Sevilla, aunque su primer biógrafo afirmó dice que nació en el año 1474. From Bartolomé de las Casas Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies (1542) ... [Puerto Rico] and Jamaica are two of the largest, most productive and attractive islands; both are now deserted and ... How does Las Casas describe Native Americans and how does he contrast them with [49] In 1536 Las Casas followed a number of friars to Guatemala, where they began to prepare to undertake a mission among the Maya Indians. Durante siglos existía la creencia de que había nacido en 1474, hasta que en la década de 1970se descubrieron documentos en el Archivo General de las Indias que demostraban el año exacto de su nacimiento. Those who survived the journey were ill-received, and had to work hard even to survive in the hostile colonies. ← Previous Next → Las Casas became a hacendado and slave owner, receiving a piece of land in the province of Cibao. [5] In 1522, he tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of Venezuela, but this venture failed. The deterioration of Las Casas began during the 1970s, when most of the middle-class families moved, giving way to lower-class families. [2], One of San Juan's oldest projects, Residencial Las Casas wasn't always a poverty stricken project. The diversity score of Fray Bartolome De Las Casas is 0.00, which is equal to the diversity score at state average of 0.00 . [119], He is a central character in the H. R. Hays historical novel The Takers of the City, published in 1946.[120]. El padre De las Casas volvió a La Española en 1508. They also carried out an inquiry into the Indian question at which all the encomenderos asserted that the Indians were quite incapable of living freely without their supervision. Lingering for a while in the Dominican convent of Granada, he got into conflict with Rodrigo de Contreras, Governor of Nicaragua, when Las Casas vehemently opposed slaving expeditions by the Governor. "Bartolomé de las Casas and the Question of Negro Slavery in the Early Spanish Indies." In 1527 he began working on his History of the Indies, in which he reported much of what he had witnessed first hand in the conquest and colonization of New Spain. It has also been noted by historians that exaggeration and inflation of numbers was the norm in writing in 16th-century accounts, and both contemporary detractors and supporters of Las Casas were guilty of similar exaggerations. In May 1517, Las Casas was forced to travel back to Spain to denounce to the regent the failure of the Hieronymite reforms. They surpassed also the English and the French and some of the people of our own Spain; and they were incomparably superior to countless others, in having good customs and lacking many evil ones. In 1531, he wrote a letter to Garcia Manrique, Count of Osorno, protesting again the mistreatment of the Indians and advocating a return to his original reform plan of 1516. His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He also came into conflict with the Bishop of Guatemala Francisco Marroquín, to whose jurisdiction the diocese had previously belonged. He served in the Spanish court for the remainder of his life; there he held great influence over Indies-related issues. One of its earliest residents was Puerto Rican actress Míriam Colón and activist Antonia Pantoja.[3]. Sepúlveda was a doctor of theology and law who, in his book Democrates Alter, sive de justis causis apud Indos (Another Democrates /or A New Democrates, or on the Just Causes of War against the Indians) had argued that some native peoples were incapable of ruling themselves and should be pacified forcefully. Because the land had not been possible to conquer by military means, the governor of Guatemala, Alonso de Maldonado, agreed to sign a contract promising that if the venture was successful he would not establish any new encomiendas in the area. "Memoir of a Visionary: Antonia Pantoja (Hispanic Civil Rights)"; by Antonia Pantoja; Page 40; Publisher: Arte Publico Press (June 2002); U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/4067, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residencial_Las_Casas&oldid=981924271, Buildings and structures in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 05:45. [citation needed], The book became an important element in the creation and propagation of the so-called Black Legend – the tradition of describing the Spanish empire as exceptionally morally corrupt and violent. Another important part of the plan was to introduce a new kind of sustainable colonization, and Las Casas advocated supporting the migration of Spanish peasants to the Indies where they would introduce small-scale farming and agriculture, a kind of colonization that didn't rely on resource depletion and Indian labor. [6] Although he did not completely succeed in changing Spanish views on colonization, his efforts did result in improvement of the legal status of the natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism. Residencial Las Casas in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico is named after Las Casas. The Complex is located in an area that was used by the United States military beginning in 1908, as a training camp for the Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry that saw action in World War I and World War II. [3] As a result, in 1515 he gave up his Indian slaves and encomienda, and advocated, before King Charles I of Spain, on behalf of rights for the natives. Le informazioni sono tratte da: Fernandez, I.P. While bishop, Las Casas was the principal consecrator of Antonio de Valdivieso, Bishop of Nicaragua (1544). Even though he repented that position later in his life and included an apology in his History of the Indies,[104] some later criticism held him responsible for the institution of the transatlantic slave trade. It was important for Las Casas that this method be tested without meddling from secular colonists, so he chose a territory in the heart of Guatemala where there were no previous colonies and where the natives were considered fierce and war-like. The accounts written by his enemies Lopez de Gómara and Oviedo were widely read and published in Europe. In the end a much smaller number of peasant families were sent than originally planned, and they were supplied with insufficient provisions and no support secured for their arrival. Xii+234. quoted from, Las Casas's retraction of his views on African slavery is expressed particularly in chapters 102 and 129, Book III of his, Also translated and published in English as. [108] That critique has been rejected by other historians as facile and anachronistic. [55], But apart from the clerical business, Las Casas had also traveled to Spain for his own purpose: to continue the struggle against the colonists' mistreatment of the Indians. In the years following his death, his ideas became taboo in the Spanish realm, and he was seen as a nearly heretical extremist. They were not impressed by his account, and Las Casas had to find a different avenue of change. Cada maestro ayudará que los estudiantes sean los aprendices activos. [101] The overwhelming main cause was disease introduced by the Europeans. Perpignan : Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2011 (généré le 29 décembre 2020). [4] Later in life, he retracted this position, as he regarded both forms of slavery as equally wrong. [27][28], Las Casas arrived in Spain with the plan of convincing the King to end the encomienda system. By the late 1980s, however, illegal drugs began making their way into the complex, although the Puerto Rican drug wars of the era were mainly concentrated into other nearby complexes, mainly Residencial Nemesio M. Canales and Residencial Luis Llorens Torres. 978 0 8223 3930 4; 978 0 8223 3939 7", Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, Biblioteca de autor Bartolomé de las Casas, Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines), United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin, Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, National Indigenous Organization of Colombia, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bartolomé_de_las_Casas&oldid=998386578, People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar, Spanish Roman Catholic bishops in North America, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2017, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Episcopal Church (USA); The Roman Catholic Church. In Spain, Las Casas started securing official support for the Guatemalan mission, and he managed to get a royal decree forbidding secular intrusion into the Verapaces for the following five years. In 1513, as a chaplain, Las Casas participated in Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar's and Pánfilo de Narváez' conquest of Cuba. The emperor, probably because of the doubts caused by Las Casas's arguments, never took a final decision on the issue of the encomiendas. The name recommended is “Camp Las Casas”. N 1771, a los 26 años de edad, llegó a Puerto Rico el fraile benedictino fray Iñigo Abbad y Lasierra, como secretario y confesor del obispo de la diócesis de Puerto Rico, el prelado Manuel Jiménez Pérez. Here, Las Casas argued, Indians could be better governed, better taught and indoctrinated in the Christian faith, and would be easier to protect from abuse than if they were in scattered settlements. It was republished several times by groups that were critical of the Spanish realm for political or religious reasons. [100], Las Casas has also often been accused of exaggerating the atrocities he described in the Indies, some scholars holding that the initial population figures given by him were too high, which would make the population decline look worse than it actually was, and that epidemics of European disease were the prime cause of the population decline, not violence and exploitation. Las Casas's group of friars established a Dominican presence in Rabinal, Sacapulas and Cobán. Riportiamo in seguito le opere di Las Casas nell'ordine cronologico di composizione e pubblicazione. Demographic studies such as those of colonial Mexico by Sherburne F. Cook in the mid-20th century suggested that the decline in the first years of the conquest was indeed drastic, ranging between 80 and 90%, due to many different causes but all ultimately traceable to the arrival of the Europeans. 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